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Medieval Persian Esfanaj-Burani (Yogurt-Spinach)
Historic Bites

Medieval Persian Esfanaj-Burani (Yogurt-Spinach)

July 17, 2026 1 min read Full Chaos 11 ingredients

This 13th-century Persian dish from the Ilkhanid court combines wilted spinach with tangy yogurt and warming spices. A vegetarian centerpiece that graced the tables of Mongol rulers in Persia.

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Ingredients

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  • 500g fresh spinach, washed thoroughly
  • 400g full-fat plain yogurt
  • 3 cloves garlic, minced
  • 2 tablespoons butter or ghee
  • 1 teaspoon ground cumin
  • 1/2 teaspoon ground coriander
  • 1/4 teaspoon cinnamon
  • 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
  • 1 teaspoon salt
  • 2 tablespoons fresh mint, chopped
  • Pomegranate seeds for garnish (optional)

The Story & Steps

Documented in several medieval Persian manuscripts from the 13th and 14th centuries, burani dishes were named after a legendary Sassanian queen. This spinach version became particularly popular during the Ilkhanid period when Mongol rulers embraced Persian culinary traditions.

Preparation

  1. Blanch the spinach in boiling salted water for 2 minutes, then drain and squeeze out excess water. Chop roughly.
  2. In a large pan, melt the butter over medium heat and sauté the minced garlic until fragrant, about 1 minute.
  3. Add the cumin, coriander, cinnamon, and black pepper to the butter, stirring constantly for 30 seconds to bloom the spices.
  4. Add the chopped spinach to the pan and stir well to coat with the spiced butter. Cook for 3-4 minutes.
  5. Remove from heat and allow to cool for 10 minutes.
  6. In a serving bowl, whisk the yogurt with salt until smooth and creamy.
  7. Fold the cooled spinach mixture into the yogurt, creating a marbled effect or mixing completely, depending on preference.
  8. Garnish with fresh mint and pomegranate seeds. Serve at room temperature with flatbread.

Serving Suggestion: Medieval texts suggest this dish was often served as part of a larger spread, alongside rice pilaf and roasted meats. The cooling yogurt provided balance to spicier dishes.

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Ingredients